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Geographical location

Mediates destroy visible Sham located about 243 kilometers from Damascus and 150 km east of Homs, when landing a mountain crossing at the foot of Mount Mantar from Palmyra mountain range, in the prolific basin spring water. This spring has created a green oasis has become a place of rest between Iraq and al-Sham, the station caravans between the Arabian Gulf and Persia and the Mediterranean Sea.

the city name

Back oldest mention of her name to destroy the current early in the second millennium BC, does not know the meaning of this name for sure. That it is logical and acceptable to have its name was derived from the «destroyed», which means "fever", the Arabic dialects of the languages ​​of the ancient Arabian Peninsula, has been renamed languages ​​of Greek and Latin and the languages ​​that evolved from them the name "Palmyra" Palmyra is derived from palm name.

Palmyra through the ages

Tadmor in prehistoric times

The low-based to the south-east from the site of Palmyra, otherwise known as navigation, Lake and wide fresh in the Paleolithic, frequented a quarry which had fed them the old man, who was sheltering in neighboring mountains. He has left us stone tools in Jurf al-Bayda and tuck the wheel and roller, particularly Mousterian model, which amounts to about 75 thousand years.

Researchers have found evidence from the Neolithic period in the vicinity of the spring and Oasis Alokmat, which live up to the seventh thousand BC. There is evidence of more recent times in the archaeological hill on which the temple of Bel.

Excavations at the hill mentioned to the discovery of pottery from the late Syrian era known as the ancient bronze in the range of 2200 led to 2100 BC. But the oldest texts remember destroy the current name and found the colony Kainc Assyrian (Coltbh) Cappadocia in Anatolia province. It is the beginning of the second millennium BC, followed by the texts found in the city of Mari (Tel Hariri on the Euphrates) dating back to the nineteenth century BC, and the other from Aimar (analgesic on the Euphrates) from the fourth century BC. As I mentioned her name also it destroys the current in the annals of the Assyrian king Tglat Baasr atheist who lived in the tenth century BC (1112-1074 BC).

Palmyra days Seleucids and Romans

Seleucus I

Founder of the Seleucid state in Syria

There is not much we know about the ruin in modern Babylonian state time (Chaldean 612-539 BC) or the state in the days of the Achaemenid (Persian 538-333 BC), but it was definitely an important city in the Seleucid period (312-64 BC .M.).

It remained destroy the Emirate of Arab self-rule throughout the Seleucid era state in the Levant, like the emirate of Homs and the Kingdom of the Nabataeans in Petra and Iturians in Lebanon and others. The historian Polybius mom subscription carries a name Tdmourya is «Zbdibl» with ten thousand Arab conquest of the Ptolemies, Seleucids at the Battle of Rafah (217 BC).

Palmyra has retained its independence after the Roman occupation of Syria in 64 BC, according to the writings of historians, Pliny the Elder and Opejanos, two reminder to the importance of the role of trade between the Persians and the Romans. It was appended to destroy the Romanian Empire in the mid-first century AD, and then actively joined in the Romanian state projects, and the Rmadtha and various forces to protect its borders from the Arabian deserts until the Danube basin and northern England, and moved her role Petra trading after the fall of the Nabataeans in 106 AD.

Emperor Hadrian

Awarded the title of destroying the city free

Granting the Emperor Hadrian (117-138m) destroy the status of free city, which is positioned to enact laws and determine their fees. And we have been active and very active in all aspects, especially in the field of economy convoys and commercial architectural, artistic and expansion, and gave the Emperor Caracalla strain Asifirah recipe Romanian colony in the year 212 AD, when granting Romanian citizenship to all the free people in the empire.

The results of the rise of strain Sasanian Persia and reach down to the Euphrates in 228 AD, the loss ruin their control to passers trade routes in the Shatt al-Arab and the Arabian Gulf, which led to the exposure to significant financial difficulties, she could not even Rome to assist them in getting rid of them, to be the ruler of the Syrian state Arabian King Uthaina who began his reign in 258 AD conquering Persians, reported their forces twice to their capital cities (Tesfon) in both 262 m and 267 m, and enjoy Uthaina all the titles high-decent, where the ruling became public during the reign of the Emperor Valerian, and earned the nickname «the whole reformer Middle »and the title« king of kings ».

After the death of Uthaina and Crown Herodian mysteriously in 267 or 268 AD, the wife Zenobia guardianship of their son gave Lat and took with him the titles of emperors, and occupied Egypt and Anatolia, in addition to the Levant, but that put them in the event of a clash with the Roman Emperor Aurelian, who fell into ruin his hand in 272 AD, was the queen of Arab families. Its fate has remained a matter of dispute among historians but left a wonderful life story of the legendary entered
the field.\